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Barker–Karpis gang
The Barker-Karpis Gang was one of the longest-lived criminal gangs during the Depression Era, spanning from 1931 to 1935. Founded by Fred Barker and Alvin Karpis, it was later joined by Fred's brother Arthur "Doc" Barker. Along with the three core members, the gang's network spanned up to 25 members at one point.
Although not as well known as their contemporaries the Dillinger Gang, or the Barrow Gang, the Barker-Karpis Gang was perhaps more ruthless, not only committing bank robberies but extending the activities into kidnapping as well.〔Burrough, Bryan (2009) ''Public Enemies,'' Penguin〕 It is best known for the myth that it was run by the Barker brothers' mother, Kate, usually referred to as "Ma Barker".
==Foundations==
The Barker–Karpis gang was put together by Fred Barker and Alvin Karpis in March 1931. Barker and Karpis had met in the Kansas State Penitentiary, and upon Karpis's release in March 1931, started to form the gang. The gang began robbing banks starting in mid-1931. Doc Barker later joined the gang in 1932. The gang was led by the three of them, although many others rotated in and out of the gang including Fred Goetz and Volney Davis. The gang continued their bank robbing activities until mid-1933, when they decided that robbing banks was becoming risky, and therefore decided to diverge into the field of kidnapping.〔Winter, Robert (2000) ''Mean Men : The Sons of Ma Barker,'' Rutledge Books〕 Their graduation to more serious crime was mentored by corrupt police chief Tom Brown.〔Mahoney, Tom, ''Secret Partners: Big Tom Brown and the Barker Gang'', Minnesota Historical Society, 2013, p.4.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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